Airplane

An airplane, or airplane, is a heavier airship than the air. An airship is an airplane when it possesses an or more fixed wings.
Two characteristics common to all the airplanes are the need of a constant flow of air for the wings for the sustentação of the airship, and the need of a plane area and free from obstacles where they can reach the necessary speed to take off and to raise flight, or to decrease it, in the case of a landing operation. Most of the airplanes, even so, he/she needs an airport having a good infrastructure to receive appropriate maintenance and replenishment, and for the tripulantes deslocação, load and passengers, when these come in reasonable number. While the great majority of the airplanes lands and it takes off in earth, some are capable to do the same in bodies of calm waters.
The airplane is now the faster civil and military means of transportation of the planet. Airplanes to commercial jet can reach up to 875 km/h, and to travel a room of the terrestrial sphere in subject of hours, and same small airplanes monomotores is capable to reach 175 km/h easily or more of cruzeiro speed. Already supersonic airplanes, that they operate now just for military ends, they can reach speeds that overcome in several times the speed of the sound. A hunt is a type of military airplane conceived for aerial combat (with other airplanes), in opposition to the bombardier, drawn to attack terrestrial objectives through bombs. You hunt them healthy relatively small, fast and very agile, and they were equipped more and more with armaments systems and persecution sophisticated to intercept and to attack other airplanes.
In the beginning, still before Second World War, they just existed two types of hunts: small, airplanes of only motor were used as interceptores and hunts of the day, for designated of pursuers times (hunters); and others of dual motor, of larger dimension, used as weighed hunts. The one of the first type proved to be not very practical, or perhaps have not been a very explored slope so that if they turned useful. They went becoming, like this, for a growing list of secondary papers, including stealthy hunts, of intervention, bombardiers and you hunt nocturnos, where the two motors got to support the necessary load for I carry out it of these papers. A torpedeiro is a bombardier drawn with the objectivo of attacking ships with torpedos, but could also carry conventional bombs. The reason for this airplane specifically servant is due to the need of the airplanes they need a longer fuselagem for they carry torpedos.
The torpedeiros was developed in the ends of First World War. During Second World War they were important in several battles, for example in the British attack in the battle of Taranto and in the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor. A helicopter Lynx with a torpedo mk46. To enlarge A helicopter Lynx with a torpedo mk46.
This airplane type almost disappeared imediamente after the end of the war, being substiduidos for other more common airplanes, and for its time for misseís. Since the fifties some helicopters began to be capable to throw torpedos, same being used for combat anti-submarine instead of aerial combat. Passing then be good it as defenses for frigates and aircraft carrier. The aeronautical turbines have the objective of generating enough empuxo to accelerate the airplane to an enough speed that by force of rising on the wings, equal or overcome his weight. The traction has the fundamental purpose of the aerodynamic resistance that acts on the airplane expiring. She is obtained thanks to third law of Newton: for each action a the same and contrary reaction fits. The air that enters in the turbine is accelerated and he/she leaves to a larger speed generating a force in having felt opposite, that " pushes " the airplane. That force is directly proportional to the vazão mássica of accelerated air, and the difference of speed of him between the entrance and the exit of the turbine.
The aeronautical turbines take borrowed the term turbine, although he is not the most appropriate. In fact, inside of an aeronautical motor, a cycle exists complete Brayton, what includes a compressor, a combustion camera and a turbine properly said. After the turbine it can still have a powder-burner and a convergent bocal, or convergent-divergente.
The air admitted in the turbine goes by the compressor in which suffers a temperature increase and pressure. This compressed air is admitted in a combustion camera, in the one which, its temperature increases still provoking a pressure increase quickly larger. In the exit of the combustion camera, the hot gases and the great pressure they are addressed for a turbine, usually of multiple apprenticeships and linked to the compressor by an axis. In her it leaves of the energy of the gases it is extracted to move the compressor. However the gases still go out with great temperature and way speed to impel the airplane. The turbines be classify in 4 different types: * Turbohélice: he/she has whole the mentioned parts less the bocal. In this case the turbine doesn't just have the purpose of generating potency to move the compressor, but also, of supplying the potency for the propeller (or helixes).
* Turbojatos: he/she has the basic configuration described above. Now its use is being reduced in favor of the turbofan, more efficient and silent. In the military versions it is common they be found models with powder-burners. . The objective of the powders burner is to increase the potency of the turbine in certain more critical situations. The beginning consists of to inject and to burn an additional amount of fuel in the discharge duto, after the turbine. That is possible, because there is still a great amount of oxygen in these escape gases. The great advantage is been to take advantage of part of the thermal energy of exit of the gases to vaporize and to do the ignition of the extra fuel. When the fuel is burned there is still an increase larger of the temperature of the gases and with that it happens its expansion. Once the area of the exit section doesn't increase, so that this larger volume of gases escape needs to accelerate for a larger speed. With this an extra empuxo is generated. However the powder-burners have little efficiency and they increase the consumption of fuel a lot. It is only used to supply an extra potency, that for normal road, it would only be obtained with the use of a larger turbine. For its reason alone acionamento he/she is justified in special situations as take off in short tracks and you maneuver of combat.
* Turbofans (without translation): he/she has the same configuration of the turbojato, more with the addition of a fan of great diameter that is in the entrance of the turbine. It leaves of the flow of air impelled by him it is going to the compressor and it leaves it passes on the outside of the carcass of the turbine. Its advantages are: improvement of the resfriamento, increase of the efficiency and noise reduction. This last factor is one of the reasons why the new turbofans they are much more silent than the old turbojatos. The air that passes on the outside, when mixing with the air of the exit of the turbine suppresses part of the noise. They can also be used in sub-sonic military airplanes.